在職博士英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句訓(xùn)練題及解析11

　　1.For Example, changes in the economy that lead tofewer job opportunities for youth and risingunemployment in general make gainful employmentincreasingly difficult to obtain.

　　【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主語(yǔ)為changes;謂語(yǔ)為make;賓語(yǔ)為gainful employment;increasingly difficult to obtain為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。in the economy和that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句均修飾changes。

　　【譯文】例如，經(jīng)濟(jì)變化導(dǎo)致年輕人就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)減少和失業(yè)率上升，通常在這種情況下，他們更難獲得高新職位。

　　2.More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; consequently,children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional familystructure.

　　【分析】并列復(fù)合句。由分號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)并列分句。第一個(gè)分句是簡(jiǎn)單句。第二個(gè)分句中，consequently為句首狀語(yǔ)，children是主語(yǔ)，are likely to have是謂語(yǔ)部分。less supervision at home是賓語(yǔ)部分，than was common in the traditional family structure是賓語(yǔ)從句修飾supervision。

　　【譯文】單親家庭和雙職工家庭越來(lái)越多;從而，兒童在家中受到監(jiān)管比傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)家庭要少。

　　【點(diǎn)撥】consist of "由…組成"。

　　3.Other identifiable causes of offensive actsinclude frustration or failure in school, the increasedavailability of drugs and alcohol, and the growingincidence of child abuse and child neglect.

　　【分析】簡(jiǎn)單句。Other identifiable causes ofoffensive acts是主語(yǔ)部分;include是謂語(yǔ);賓語(yǔ)部分是由逗號(hào)連接的三個(gè)并列的名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)：frustration or failure, the increased availability 和thegrowing incidence，其中in school 和兩個(gè) of 短語(yǔ)分別作前面賓語(yǔ)的后置定語(yǔ)。

　　【譯文】導(dǎo)致犯罪行為的其他確切因素還有學(xué)習(xí)受挫，考試不及格、毒品和酒精更容易得到，以及不斷增多的兒童受虐和被忽略事件的發(fā)生。

　　【點(diǎn)撥】1) identifiable"可辨認(rèn)的，可識(shí)別的，可確認(rèn)的"。2) availability "有效，有用;可得到的人(或物)"。

　　4. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual andemotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence thatcomes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.

　　【分析】多重復(fù)合句。句子主干為teenagers are self-conscious and need the confidence。Because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句;that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾confidence，定語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　【譯文】因?yàn)榍嗌倌暾谶m應(yīng)新的身體狀況和智力、情感方面的諸多挑戰(zhàn)，所以他們的自我意識(shí)很強(qiáng)，并且需要信心，這種信心源于獲得成功和看到自己的成就獲得他人的贊賞。

　　【點(diǎn)撥】1) adjust to 意為"適應(yīng)，調(diào)節(jié)"。2) host 是量詞，指"許多，大量"。A whole host of "許多，大量"。

　　5.However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.

　　【分析】復(fù)合句。So…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句;that 后的 it 為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to plan activities，其中包含一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾activities;for example為插入語(yǔ)，其后的三個(gè)動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)列舉了三種行為，是對(duì)上文for example具體的解釋說(shuō)明。

　　【譯文】然而，典型的青少年生活方式中已經(jīng)充斥了如此之多的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，所有明智之舉就是組織一些勝者多敗者少的活動(dòng)，比如：出版一些學(xué)生寫的書評(píng)時(shí)訊、展覽學(xué)生的藝術(shù)作品、發(fā)起讀書討論俱樂(lè)部。

　　【點(diǎn)撥】1) be filled with 意為"充滿;裝滿"。2) sponsor在此處用作動(dòng)詞，意為"發(fā)起，主辦，贊助"，它還可以用作名詞，意為"發(fā)起者，主辦者，贊助者"。

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