GCT英語(yǔ)模擬試題答案及解析(1)

　　有些考生在做GCT英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題習(xí)慣一邊看題一邊看解析，沒(méi)有獨(dú)立思考的過(guò)程，這樣的習(xí)慣一定要戒掉!下面就是由中國(guó)在職研究生招生信息網(wǎng)的給大家提供的GCT英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬試題，考生思考后再?gòu)慕馕鲋袑ふ掖鸢概?

　　in the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. many of them died of scurvy (壞血病), a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. on one occasion, in 1535, an english ship arrived in newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. the men′s lives were saved by iroquois indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors′ diet and captain cook, on his long voyages of discovery to australia and new zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors.

　　nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. these elements are called “vitamins”. quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, a, b, c, d, and so on. different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. even a slight lack of vitamin c, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility (敏感度) to colds and influenza.

　　the vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. it is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting (齋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.

　　1. scurvy is a disease that is provoked by ____

　　A. salted meat and biscuits B. exhaustion

　　C. want of some essential substances D. lack of fresh vegetables and fruits

　　2. in the last sentence of paragraph 1, “warded off” could probably be replaced by ____.

　　A. got rid of B. killed C. avoided D. cleared away

　　3. to avoid such disease as scurvy, it′ s better for us ____.

　　A. not to eat much salted meatb. B. to supplement our diet with various vitamin pills

　　C. to have more fresh fruit and vegetablesd. D.to develop a good dietary habit

　　4. based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive enough ____.

　　A. vitamin pills are of no avail B. nutritious food might be unhealthy

　　C. vegetable leaves can be a good remedy D. religious fasting may help out a lot

　　5. which of the following sentences best expresses the central ideal of the passage?

　　A. deficiencies of vitamin c may cause serious diseases.

　　B. fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body.

　　C. vitamins play a vitally important role in people′ s health.

　　D. a good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us.

　　【答案與解析】：

　　1.【答案】C

　　【解析】對(duì)于scurvy(敗血癥)整個(gè)第一段都在介紹其情況，是什么引起它的呢?這就要求讀者對(duì)這一段的各細(xì)節(jié)都準(zhǔn)確理解，文中很明確地提到敗血癥是由于水手的飲食中缺少一些東西而引起的，而敗血癥又可通過(guò)吃新鮮蔬果而避免，這是否意味著敗血癥是由于缺少新鮮蔬果而引起的呢?從字面看，似乎是正確的，有的讀者會(huì)選d項(xiàng)，但我們仔細(xì)理解每一選項(xiàng)及原文，新鮮蔬果為什么能避免敗血癥，當(dāng)然是由于其中含有豐富的維生素，從下文主要講述的對(duì)象——維生素來(lái)看，我們也可猜到，真正引起敗血癥的是缺乏蔬果中的維生素，所以c項(xiàng)者是最準(zhǔn)確的。

　　2.【答案】C

　　【解析】用一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)代替另一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，也是對(duì)詞義的考查，通?？梢詮纳舷挛膩?lái)推斷，既然敗血癥的產(chǎn)生原因已被查明，那么通過(guò)提供新鮮蔬果敗血癥當(dāng)然能被“避免”。a項(xiàng)的除掉顯然不正確，因?yàn)榉乐螖⊙Y可以通過(guò)多吃蔬果，但要除掉一種病癥卻不是那么簡(jiǎn)單的事。b項(xiàng)“殺死”，這與a項(xiàng)意思基本相似，也是不正確的。c項(xiàng)“避免”這與原文相符。d項(xiàng)“清除”這也與a、b兩項(xiàng)相近，是不正確的。

　　3.【答案】D

　　【解析】如何避免敗血癥的方法，文中已提到，可通過(guò)多吃新鮮蔬果的方法，正如第一題一樣，透過(guò)表面文字新鮮蔬果的真正意義是什么?當(dāng)然是指水手們單一的腌肉飲食太不合理，要補(bǔ)充蔬果以增加維生素，也就是說(shuō)需要合理的飲食習(xí)慣，這樣在仔細(xì)理解原文和選項(xiàng)后，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)d項(xiàng)是最合適的答案。

　　4.【答案】B

　　【解析】這一題需要我們對(duì)全文都理解后才能得出答案，如果我們的食物攝取不夠廣泛會(huì)如何?a項(xiàng)“維生素丸沒(méi)有用”，而文中未曾提到維生素丸的作用，而根據(jù)常識(shí)服食維生素丸是可以補(bǔ)充暫時(shí)的維生素不足的，因此a不正確。b項(xiàng)“有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物也可能是不健康的”，正如文中提到的腌肉，雖然腌肉也有營(yíng)養(yǎng)，但只吃咸肉而沒(méi)有足夠的維生素，水手們依然患了敗血癥，第二段第一句也表達(dá)了此意，因此b項(xiàng)是正確的。c項(xiàng)“蔬菜葉子可以作為一味好藥”，如果食物攝取不廣泛，蔬菜葉子并不能作萬(wàn)能的藥，在文中它只適合于敗血癥的治療，所以c項(xiàng)不準(zhǔn)確。d項(xiàng)“宗教式的齋戒會(huì)很有幫助”，而文中提到，在進(jìn)行齋戒時(shí)需要特別補(bǔ)充某些缺乏的維生素，所以d項(xiàng)不正確。

　　5.【答案】C

　　【解析】這一題是讀者對(duì)全文中心的理解，文章以敗血癥開(kāi)篇引出維生素的重要性，末尾也提到了維生素的攝取途徑，而這些都是為了突出維生素的重要性服務(wù)的。因此這篇文章的中心在于講述維生素的重要性，所以應(yīng)選c項(xiàng)。