2012年四川大學(xué)考博英語真題及答案（一）

　　在職博士考試都是院校自主命題的，因此考生在備考的時候也需要參考申請院校的備考資料，對于歷年真題，考生也是不能放過?？忌鷮φ骖}要好好的研究，推敲出院校的出題重點(diǎn)，然后在進(jìn)行針對性的備考。下面是在職研究生網(wǎng)的招生老師匯總的四川大學(xué)在職博士2012年考博英語真題及答案，希望給考生帶來一定的幫助。

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　　1)Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at GallaudetUniversityin Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people.

　　When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.

　　Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混雜英語). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (異端邪說).

　　It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (調(diào)節(jié)) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.”

　　21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___.

　　A) a new way to look at the learning of language

　　B) a challenge to traditional, views on the nature of language

　　C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language

　　D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language(C)

　　22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____.

　　A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain

　　B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts

　　C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf

　　D) some senior experts in American Sign Language(C)

　　23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___.

　　A) a Substandard language

　　B) a genuine language

　　C) an artificial language

　　D) an international language(B)

　　24. Most educators objected to Stokoe’s idea because they thought _____D___.

　　A) sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people

　　B) sign language was too artificial to be widely accepted

　　C) a language should be easy to use and understand

　　D) a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds(D)

　　25. Stokoe’s argument is based on his belief that ____D____.

　　A) sign language is as efficient as any other language

　　B) sign language is derived from natural language

　　C) language is a system of meaningful codes

　　D) language is a product of the brain(D)

　　2)It was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people-mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into NaziGermany-were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. I’ll never forget the screams,” says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave-and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.

　　NowGermany’s Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children-with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year, doesn’t dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (ofGermany) and not at all in the East.” The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: “Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didn’t have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.”

　　The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidable-and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their country’s monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Today’s unifiedGermanyis more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they’ ye now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.

　　31. Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was the worst tragedy in maritime history? (B)

　　A) It was attacked by Russian torpedoes.

　　B) It caused the largest number of casualties.

　　C) Most of its passengers were frozen to death.

　　D) Its victims were mostly women and children.

　　32. Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when ___(A)_____.

　　A) the badly damaged ship leaned toward one side

　　B) a strong ice storm tilted the ship

　　C) the cruise ship sank all of a sudden

　　D) the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats

　　33. The Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy was little talked about for more than half a century because Germans _____(D)___.

　　A) were eager to win international acceptance

　　B) had been pressured to keep silent about it

　　C) were afraid of offending their neighbors

　　D) felt guilty for their crimes in World War II

　　34. How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy? (D)

　　A) By describing the ship’s sinking in great detail.

　　B) By giving an interview to the weekly Die Woche.

　　C) By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attack.

　　D) By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman.

　　35. It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer think that ____(C)____.

　　A) the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nation’s past misdeeds

　　B) Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War II

　　C) they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gustloff tragedy

　　D) it-is wrong to equate their sufferings with those of other countries

　　3)There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists inAmerica, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. 『Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens.』① They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.

　　By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.

　　On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, closeups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.

　　Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. 『But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position.』② Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”

　　The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.

　　1. The passage is mainly concerned with .

　　A. the different tastes of people for sports

　　B. the different characteristics of sports

　　C. the attraction of football

　　D. the attraction of baseball

　　2. Those who don’t like baseball may complain that .

　　A. it is only to the taste of the old

　　B. it involves fewer players than football

　　C. it is not exciting enough

　　D. it is pretentious and looks funny

　　3. The author admits that .

　　A. baseball is too peaceful for the young

　　B. baseball may seem boring when watched on TV

　　C. football is more attracting than baseball

　　D. baseball is more interesting than football

　　4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence):

　　A. The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game.

　　B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result.

　　C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well.

　　D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.

　　5. We can safely conclude that the author .

　　A. likes footballB. hates football

　　C. hates baseballD. likes baseball

　　Vocabulary

　　1. dugout n.　棒球場邊供球員休息的地方

　　2. pitcher n.　投手

　　3. symphony n.　交響樂

　　4. chamber n.　室內(nèi)

　　5. contemplate vt.沉思，注視

　　長難句解析

　?、佟窘馕觥看司涞闹鞲墒恰癇aseball…means…watching…”，其中“in funny tight outfits”用來修飾“grown men”,“standing…”和“staring”用來做“grown men”的定語。

　　【譯文】對于他們來說，棒球就是在無聊的幾個小時中幾個身著緊身衣的大人佇立在場地周圍沒事可做地東張西望。

　?、凇窘馕觥窟@是一個復(fù)合句，“goes up…”，“flexes…”“takes…”，“glances…”做“the third baseman”的并列謂語。

　　【譯文】但每當(dāng)投球手?jǐn)S出球的那一瞬間，你再看吧，三壘運(yùn)動員腳尖點(diǎn)地，屈臂或把接球手套直指前方，左右移動步伐，或前或后，或許他還要越過場地盯著一壘球手的動作。

　　答案與詳解

　　【短文大意】本文主要講述壘球的特征及欣賞。

　　1. D主旨題。文章第一段簡述了人們對壘球所持的偏見——認(rèn)為它毫無活力、從容和緩，不像橄欖球那樣高潮迭起、令人激動。文章的第二、三、四、五段探討了壘球的根本特征及欣賞角度，文章的最后一句話用一個比喻概括了壘球的魅力：“如果橄欖球是一曲交響樂的話，那么，壘球中所表現(xiàn)出來的運(yùn)動恰似一曲優(yōu)美的室內(nèi)樂。”可見，本文主要探討的是壘球的特點(diǎn)及其欣賞。 A不對，第一段也確實(shí)提到了不同觀眾對不同運(yùn)動形式的偏好，但這只是用以引出對壘球的特征及欣賞的討論。

　　2. C細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段指出：許多人不喜歡壘球，一提起壘球這些人就打哈欠甚至皺眉頭。對他們來說，看壘球意味著眼巴巴地觀望著身著運(yùn)動裝(outfit)的人呆立在球場上，東瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激動人心的)事發(fā)生——沒意思透了。他們認(rèn)為這樣的運(yùn)動更適合上個世紀(jì)的人的口味，不像橄欖球那樣充滿活力。 A意為：“它只適合老年人的口味?！弊⒁猓涸恼f的是適合上個世紀(jì)的人的口味，二者意味不一樣。 D意為：“它矯揉造作、滑稽可笑?！边@與說它gentlemanly(具有紳士風(fēng)度，矜持，即：沒有沖撞或拼搶)不一樣。

　　3. B推斷題。第三段指出，在電視上，壘球運(yùn)動被切換成不同角度的畫面，而且不斷地使用重放、特寫等電視制作技術(shù)，這破壞了該運(yùn)動的整體運(yùn)動感，使觀眾無法將自己投入(project)到運(yùn)動中去，以體會到這種寓動于靜的運(yùn)動之美。電視做不到這一點(diǎn)(The TV won’t do it for you)，因此，電視上的壘球比賽看上去(seems)孤孤單單、冷冷清清、沉沉靜靜、慢慢騰騰。C、D不對，作者僅指出了不同運(yùn)動有不同運(yùn)動的特征，并未說哪種運(yùn)動優(yōu)于哪種。參閱文章最后一句。

　　4. B推斷題。第四段整個都在描述壘球場上的一個場景：拿三壘的運(yùn)動員假設(shè)對方全投出好球，作好了一切準(zhǔn)備，但是對方投出的并不是好球。所以在那時候他的準(zhǔn)備做不做都不會影響比賽結(jié)果。他說本來可以閉上眼睛，意思就是B項所寫的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意圖。這道題需要完整地了解第四段內(nèi)容才能作好選擇。

　　5. D推斷題。在本文中，作者主要探討了壘球的特征及欣賞，作者著重指出的是：只有根據(jù)壘球的特征來欣賞它，才能體會到它的魅力。在他看來，觀察到壘球比賽中運(yùn)動員的各種動作、壘球位之間的關(guān)系等是欣賞它的關(guān)鍵(第三段第二句)。只有從整體來把握它，才能看到每一個小的動作、每一個眼神乃至于“靜止”的意義，也只有這樣，才能全身心地投入比賽中，欣賞到它的魅力?？梢?，作者對壘球有很深的理解而且非常喜愛壘球。主要參考第三、四、五段。